Journal 12

Paula Scher
Syncopated, where everything is in line and one thing is off. She uses typography to make noise. I like the use of type only posters and design. If you can get a visual sense of a word across with just type that's talent. To illustrate with type.

David Carson
He read an article an tried to interpret it. Then he was told that you couldn't do that. He wants people to be more self indulgent in there work. Pull from what you are as person and let that show through your work. The starting point is to try to interpret something.

Milton Glaser
No of us really have the ability to understand our path until it's over. Artist provide that gift to the culture so that we all have something in common. Graphic design is social commentary since you have the ability to do so. If you can sustain your interest in what you 're doing, it's a great thing. The great thing about the arts is the possibility of learning never ends. You have to admit that you never learn it.

After watching these videos I learned that I need to explore more of the possibilities I can do with just type alone. Interpretation of what needs to be said to an audience is the biigest part of communication. I have to always be willing to learn in this field because I can never stop learning.

Journal 11

Who is Debbie Millman?

Debbie Millman is a partner and president of the design division at Sterling Brands, one of the leading brand identity firms in the country. Millman is president of AIGA, and chair of the School of Visual Arts’ master’s program in Branding. She is a contributing editor to Print magazine and host of the podcast “Design Matters.” She is the author of How To Think Like A Great Graphic Designer (Allworth Press, 2007), The Essential Principles of Graphic Design (Rotovision, 2008) and Look Both Ways: Illustrated Essays on the Intersection of Life and Design (How Books, 2009).

What is Design Matters?

Design Matters is a thought-provoking internet podcast hosted by Debbie Millman, which profiles industry-leading graphic designers, change agents, artists, writers and educators.

What did you find interesting about the interview?
Interviewee: Massimo Vignelli
"If you can design one thing, you can design everything."

Important points:
-The discipline of design is the same. You can design everything with discipline.
-Limits the use of typefaces. There is only a few typefaces that are great. Trashes the ugly ones. Ugly ones are those typefaces that are flashy and trendy.
-There are very few great type designers. One he thinks is one of the greats is Frutiger.
-Reduce vulgarity.
-There are more good designers around.
-There are more good clients.
-Need to be educated and cultured.
-Technology is changing print and he is a fan of the change. You can explore different ways of using the technology while you are reading a book. Instead of just seeing a pic of a building you can go inside and explore the building.
-Visual pollution is a crime. It's killing a culture. Just designing with no meaning is vulgarity/visual pollution.
-There is commercial everything. Commercial things are made to exploit people and have no value in quality.
-Design should be forceful: Design that is emotionally charge, it has intensity on what ever it does. It's not only harmony but it is provocative at the same time.
-Limpy design: weak kind of design. Pale colors, meaningless stripes, and meaningless things.
-We design by subtraction, others design by addition. They made add flowers to a plate instead of just making a beautiful plate.
-United Airlines and Continental Airlines mash up logo is uncreative.
Designer without history is nothing. If you don't have a theory you don't know where you stand.

Journal 10

While visiting the GOOD website and exploring what the website has to offer I enjoyed seeing that there are both educational and entertainment values to explore. Aside from their magazine and infographics they also have projects in which they help out communities. One example of something I came across was the Redesigning An Abandon School article. They want people to submit ideas on what they can do with abandon schools in there community. How they can make it into something that can once again meet the needs of the local community. Another great thing I noticed aside from the content of the website is the layout/design of the website. It's GOOD. It's easy to navigate to different content and to find related articles that constantly informs you about different topics in the world today.

Journal 9

Jakob Trollback

Design is a language to express things with. It's great to learn a new language. You can play on so many levels with design language. But you shouldn't design to design, you should design to say something. Participation is the best way for communication and getting someone to do something. Creativity is a positive driving force. Good creative thinking leads to personal discoveries. For inspiration, look elsewhere. You're not going to find inspiration in design books. That's your way to learn the language. To get anyone to pay attention: Just make it great. People have to get it. There is a fundamental difference between linear and non-linear experiences. Interactive design is non-linear, a person can change the idea or meaning a designer is trying to convey with interactive design. With a linear experience you can lead the viewer to what you want them to feel.

Speech Project

_ Who is speaking?

Lyndon B Johnson


_ Why was/is the speech important to society?

The speech is important because it signifies the landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public.


_ Why do you feel it is important or interesting?

It is important and interesting to me because it is a document of the Civil Rights Act.

_ What is the emotion, mood, tone, personality, feeling of the speech?


There is a feeling of strength and pride for all Americans. The mood of the speech is encouraging. It is a formal speech.

_ What is intonation, emphasis, what is loud, stressed, or soft. Where are there pauses...

There are many pauses, emphasis, and softness throughout the speech. It helps the listener understand and appreciate what is being said.


_ What do you FEEL should be loud or soft, long pause or rushed?


I feel that there are many spots that should be louder to illustrate more feeling and emotion for the act.

_ Is there a call to action? When listening to it what are key/emphasized words?

The call to action is for equality. There are emphases on words/phrases that show the importance of equality for every American.

_ How does it make you feel?

The speech makes me feel a sense of pride for an act being passed.


_ How do you imagine the audience felt?

The audience might of felt great change happening in the country.


_ Could there be another interpretation of the speech? 


There aren’t really any false or different interpretations for the speech. It’s straightforward.

_ Write/find a short bio, of the person giving the speech

Lyndon Baines Johnson ,often referred to as LBJ, was a US politician who served as the 36^th President of the United States after his service as the 37^th Vice President of the United States. He is one of four people who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President and President.

Johnson, a Democrat, served as a United States Representative from Texas, from 1937–1949 and as United States Senator from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by JFK to be his running mate for the 1960 presidential election.

Johnson succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of JFK, completed Kennedy's term and was elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964 presidential election. Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and, as President, was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, Public Broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his "War on Poverty." He was renowned for his domineering personality and the "Johnson treatment," his coercion of powerful politicians in order to advance legislation.

Simultaneously, he greatly escalated direct American involvement in the Vietnam war. As the war dragged on, Johnson's popularity as President steadily declined. After the 1966 mid-term Congressional elections, his re-election bid in the 1968 presidential election collapsed as a result of turmoil within the Democratic Party related to opposition to the Vietnam War. He withdrew from the race amid growing opposition to his policy on the Vietnam War and a worse-than-expected showing in the New Hampshire primary.

Despite the failures of his foreign policy, Johnson is ranked favorably by some historians because of his domestic policies.

Speech Project

_ Who is speaking?

Lyndon B Johnson


_ Why was/is the speech important to society?

The speech is important because it signifies the landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public.


_ Why do you feel it is important or interesting?

It is important and interesting to me because it is a document of the Civil Rights Act.

_ What is the emotion, mood, tone, personality, feeling of the speech?


There is a feeling of strength and pride for all Americans. The mood of the speech is encouraging. It is a formal speech.

_ What is intonation, emphasis, what is loud, stressed, or soft. Where are there pauses...

There are many pauses, emphasis, and softness throughout the speech. It helps the listener understand and appreciate what is being said.


_ What do you FEEL should be loud or soft, long pause or rushed?


I feel that there are many spots that should be louder to illustrate more feeling and emotion for the act.

_ Is there a call to action? When listening to it what are key/emphasized words?

The call to action is for equality. There are emphases on words/phrases that show the importance of equality for every American.

_ How does it make you feel?

The speech makes me feel a sense of pride for an act being passed.


_ How do you imagine the audience felt?

The audience might of felt great change happening in the country.


_ Could there be another interpretation of the speech? 


There aren’t really any false or different interpretations for the speech. It’s straightforward.

_ Write/find a short bio, of the person giving the speech

Lyndon Baines Johnson ,often referred to as LBJ, was a US politician who served as the 36^th President of the United States after his service as the 37^th Vice President of the United States. He is one of four people who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President and President.

Johnson, a Democrat, served as a United States Representative from Texas, from 1937–1949 and as United States Senator from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by JFK to be his running mate for the 1960 presidential election.

Johnson succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of JFK, completed Kennedy's term and was elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964 presidential election. Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and, as President, was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, Public Broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his "War on Poverty." He was renowned for his domineering personality and the "Johnson treatment," his coercion of powerful politicians in order to advance legislation.

Simultaneously, he greatly escalated direct American involvement in the Vietnam war. As the war dragged on, Johnson's popularity as President steadily declined. After the 1966 mid-term Congressional elections, his re-election bid in the 1968 presidential election collapsed as a result of turmoil within the Democratic Party related to opposition to the Vietnam War. He withdrew from the race amid growing opposition to his policy on the Vietnam War and a worse-than-expected showing in the New Hampshire primary.

Despite the failures of his foreign policy, Johnson is ranked favorably by some historians because of his domestic policies.

Journal8

Type means never having to say you're sorry. This article is about students using fonts because they look good. They don't spend time to find a font that may reflect the subject matter or to try to convey an emotion. The font they use is futura. I've learned from this article to take time and learn about a font so that I use it to communicate a message. In all honesty I think Kabel is better than Futura, but if I had to choose from the font list I would choose Akzidenz Grotesk. Thirteen Ways of Looking at a typeface like the title suggests it's 13 different ways to look at a typeface. The reason that stood out to me/made me laugh the most was Because You Like It's Name. This article taught me, the same thing as the other article, to try to explore typefaces.

Journal7

Reserved for Helvetica.

Some more

I believe this ONE is is a great example for the speech project. It uses imagery and hierarchy along with creative motions to suggest words that didn't need to be there. It was like there was nice breathing room. The timing was down. Although I don't think we'll be able to use a lot of images on our project we can still take note of this video.

This ONE is just on point. Good breaks and timing is great.

Another Motion

click there --> []

WOW

click THIS to see a cool little motion graphics vid.

Blog (from 2-28)

-What are the advantages of a multiple column grid.?

A multiple column grid helps in fitting lots of text within one spread while still keeping the text organized in an aesthetically pleasing fashion.

-How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?

About 6-8 words.

-Why is the baseline grid used in design?

The baseline grid is used mainly for to organize spreads.

-What is a typographic river?

A typographic river are the white spaces running through the paragraphs of text.

-From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?

They separate columns horizontally to create a better alignment.

-How can you incorporate white space into your designs?

White space can be used to group certain bodies of text

-What is type color/texture mean?

Size, tracking, leading, weight of text, etc.

-What is x-height, how does it effect type color?

X-height refers to the height of the baseline in relationship to a lowercase x

-In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?

Minimum - lowest space allowed

maximum - most space allowed

optimum - preferred space allowed

-What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?

The most common example is the indenting of a new paragraph. However, you can use different line spacing, change of typographic color, etc.

-What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.

Using the right dashes to convey the right message.

-What is a literature?

-What does CMYK and RGB mean?

C- Cyan M- Magenta Y - Yellow K - Black. R - Red G - Gree B - Blue

-What does hanging punctuation mean?

Punctuation that does not interrupt the alignment of the text, so they are usually set outside of the box of text.

-What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?

A foot mark is straight up and down, while an apostrophe curves

-What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?

An inch make has both marks going straight up and down, while quote marks usually curve and alternate directions.

-What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.

Hyphen - short dash; usually to conjoin something. En dash - longer dash; indicates "through" i.e Monday through Friday. Em dash - longest dash; indicates a long pause.

-What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures

A ligature occurs where two or more graphemes are joined as a single glyph.

Journal6

Daniel Pink

The single example of design thing that inspired him most was the eraser, “in all of its carnations.” Because it allows you to make a mistake and when you can make a mistake you can create.

He wants design to solve systems. He talks about education, health care, housing, and system of transportations. Saying that if we had design thinking applied to those systems it would make it better.

Jessica Hische

The thing that influences her the most is the new students in design. Because she grew a lot as a designer while she was in college and graduated in 2006 and she is excited/frightened/motivated to see what the new batch of design students have.

What inspired her most is the Smashing Pumpkins Album. What inspired her most about it is the style, the cohesiveness, and the typography.

She thinks we need to solve the death of print. How she thinks to solve it is the pricing of print and how they pay designers to design for this medium.

Jake Mccabe

The thing that most inspires him is an 8.5 x 11 sheet of uncoated paper. To him it represents the opportunity. . It’s more of a luxury now because we’re looking at our resources and thinking of different things to use. He loves when his pencil hits the paper.

The thing to solve as designer is the issue of sustainability. Create something that we haven’t been told to create.

Khoi Vinh

What inspires him most is the Internet. It’s organic, unpredictable and at the same time it’s man made. It’s going to change everything.

Design should solve the crisis of identity. Designers need to stop selling things and transform themselves into the makers of things. Don’t think about selling to the consumer but making better products for the people.

Ze Frank

The design that inspired him most is the game Werewolf. It is Social design that is most fascinating to him.

He thinks the thing that could be solved is everything. He would like to see many to one design, which is when many people come together to solve one problem.

These designers gave examples that applied to me as inspirations of design, the eraser, paper, and Internet. I think that they all had good problems to solve but the most important one to me was what Khoi Vinh said and that is to design for the people rather than just designing to sell.

If I had to answer these questions I would say that the single example of design that inspires me most is, I have to say it, the PENCIL. Without it I wouldn’t be the designer I am today. At a young age I picked it up put it on a sheet of paper and drew. The issue I think we should solve is, I agree completely with Winh, to design for the people rather than just trying to sell to the people.

Journal5

Jonathan Harris

Cold & Bold

An important statement that he makes at the beginning of his speech is that he got robbed at gunpoint and had his sketchbook, which he had been working on for 8 months, stolen from him. This made him decide to go digital.

He was working on a project for a couple months, a dating site. He then saw his idea executed much better which made him scrap two months of work and start over. I want you to want me is the name of the dating service he created. Using balloons to represent the individuals.

What he feels as a digital artist

Empathy - He talks about feeling inhuman. He gets caught up in being a good programmer, which in turn makes him a “bad” person or unfeeling person.

Rational Beings – You can become very detach from other people when you code too much.

The Act of Expression – It’s very hard to express yourself through code.

Resistance of the Medium

Housing Crisis – We should go to making our houses on the Internet more distinct rather than the same with different stuff inside.

Outcomes over Ideas – is this thing I’m building making the people better?

Sociopaths – Do we want just a few dozen people “controlling” our digital world?

Individuality – can technology help with self-reflection rather than just self-promotion?

Journal4

Who’s BruceMAU? Bruce Mau is a designer and he is the Chief Creative Designer of Bruce Mau Design.

What’s He Done? Since founding his studio in 1985, Mau has used design and optimism to originate, innovate, and renovate businesses, brands, products, and experiences. Also Mau founded the Institute without Boundaries, a groundbreaking studio-based postgraduate program.

Why is he interesting to us? His Incomplete Manifesto for Growth guides thousands with his articulation of design strategies and motivations for unleashing creativity.

3. Process is more important than outcome.

When the outcome drives the process we will only ever go to where we've already been. If process drives outcome we may not know where we’re going, but we will know we want to be there.

Even though I’m coming close to the end of the logo project and just finish a project in type I seem to forget about process. I sometimes find myself trying to get to a conclusion rather than just “enjoying the ride.” I’m going to “enjoy the ride” on these next projects a lot more.

The Article that Stood out

Type Means Never Having to Say You’re Sorry

Jessica Helfand

This article is important to the design community because it explains how design students need to learn about the history of typography. One should pick out a typeface based on aesthetic appeal because beauty is in the eye in the beholder but also one should look at the cultural, intellectual, critical, and history.

She discussed about how she was looking at several design students portfolios’ and noticed something that they all had in common; they used futura, a lot. She asked them why they used it with their projects and their responses were basically that they either “just liked it” and they didn’t exactly knew how it related to their project. She let the readers know that the designer needs to know that it’s not just the look of the type but how it identifies with the topic you’re designing for.

6 main points..

· “I was concerned that she was about to graduate and had no fundamental knowledge of design history — a failure of the curriculum, and by conjecture, of the faculty.”

· “Clearly, designers make choices about the appropriateness of type based on any number of criteria, and "liking it" is indeed one of them.”

· “typography should be invisible, while an equal argument can (and should) be made on behalf of expressive typography — type that extends and amplifies its message through more robust gestures in form, scale and composition.”

· “In general, we like to be able to read our typography.”

· “Branding and identity designers have to do it all — their task involves orchestrating visual language so that, say, the same word is recognizable whether reduced to a website icon, printed on a business card or emblazoned on the side of a truck.”

· “need to know — not just the formal and technical conventions but the cultural, intellectual, critical and yes, historical context in which hundreds of years of typographic practice preceded them.”

Journal3

Stefan Sagmeister

Being happy while experiencing design. Consumer standpoint.

Being happy designing. The designers’ standpoint.

Arcadia

Nirvana

Desire

Harmony

These all have to do with the visualization of happiness.

Have to be cynical to show happiness. The works show happiness but with a dark side.

The speech bubble design was interesting because it involved the individuals in New York.

Important parts of his presentation.

-Thinking about ideas and content freely – with the deadline far away

-working without interruption on a single project.

-Using a wide variety of tools and techniques. (DON’T BE STUCK IN FRONT OF THE COMPUTER)

-Travel to new places

-Working on projects that matter (content is important)

-Having things come back from the printer done well

Trying to look good limits my life. I thought this was a good quote because if you always try to “look good” and don’t allow yourself for exploration, Ugly exploration, you’re limiting yourself to what you can make.

Stefan is popular because he uses humor.

JJ Abrams

The mystery box.

How he can trace back all of his success to his grandfather and the deconstruction of things. Also the mystery box being a source of unseen inspiration to him. It’s inspiring to know this because it allows me to look back at my life and my interactions with others and understand how I become inspired.

Scott McCloud

Learn from everyone

Follow no one

Watch for patterns

Work like hell

Embrace your nature.

JournalEntry2

Good design...

1. Is Innovative - There are always opportunities for innovative design.

2. Makes a Product Useful - product is bought to be used. Its functional, but also psychological and aesthetic. It doesn't detract from purpose.

3. Is Aesthetic - Only well-executed objects can be beautiful.

4. Makes a Product Understandable - The product is self-explanatory.

5. Is Unobtrusive - Design should be neutral and restrained.

6. Is Honest - Doesn't make the product more valuable than it really is.

7. Is Long-Lasting - Avoids being fashionable. Will last years. Timeless.

8. Is Thorough, down to the last detail - Every detail makes sense on the design.

9. Is Environmentally Friendly - Contribution to preservation of the environment.

10. Is as little Design as possible - Be Simplistic.

Don Norman. Design and Emotion.

Beauty and function .Shape and balance. These are components that Don Norman believes what makes good design "happy." How it makes the consumer happy. An example he uses is of Googles' oooo's to represent the pages. Simple but smart and fun. He talks about fun being able to help the design.

The 3 emotions are sub-concious, you're unaware of it.

Visceral. Fear and anxiety changes the way a person thinks. Use it to help think outside the box and use the anxiety to keep you focused. If you're happy things work better because you're more creative.

Behavioral. It's all about feeling in control which includes usability and understanding but also the feel.

Reflective. The design/product is reflective of the consumer.

Thoughtful question: Functionality is part of design. Would a product that could function better than a better looking product make the consumer more happy? Does this conflict with your theory?

JournalEntry1

Summary

Mind map, concept map, free write and a word list all use writing to bring out ideas in creative problem-solving.

The sketchbooks and notebooks of some geniuses such as Da Vinci, Picasso, Einstein, and Darwin show diagrammatic sketching that is similar to mapping methods used today.

Mind map gives visual form to ideas.

Concept maps are similar to mind maps.

Concept Mapping allows for a more thorough investigation and analysis of conceptual relationships and meanings.

Freewriting is a great way to get your ideas on paper. It can be used in the preliminary stage or throughout the whole project.

There are two versions of freewriting, focus and unfocused.

Unfocused allows for you to put words on the paper about a general thought or feeling on a topic.

Brainwriting is the written equivalent to brainstorming.

Brainwirting is more of a collaborative problem solving method.

Word lists can be used to group certain words into categories rather than just writing a bunch of words on one list.

Outlines are structures that help to organize information.

Traditional outlines define content through heading and subheadings.

Critiques allow for outsiders to voice their opinions on your issue at hand.

Taking time writing reflections throughout the process allows for an in-depth analysis of the project, both on micro and macro level.

Having journal or sketchbook allows for you to layout, organize, and better your ideas. You can go back to old ideas and add to them. Use them making keen observations and allows you to draw and/or add photos to visually see the problems and ideas.

Concept Mind

Mind Map

3 examples

Simplicity makes this cover successful. The use of the color white gives it the feeling of God. The creator made it so that the word God is in all caps and it bleeds of the cover, which implies the immensity of God. Also the text is placed high on the cover, implication of heaven.

This cover is successful because there is a good use of hierarchy and imagery. The image of Nelson Mandela is the first thing you see which let’s you know that the book will be about him.

This cover is not successful because there is too much SHIT going on. The type chosen, embossed type, terrible placement of type, the different sizes of type on the title, and just overall inconsistency. I have to say I really hate this cover. I’m done talking about it.

This, That.

-Signs are shaped by different societies in different ways.

-We often use consumerist and mechanistic metaphors

-Societies have 2 basic sources of signing: natural and conventional

-Key Semiotic Concept:

-Sender

-Intention

-Message

-Transmission

-Noise

-Receiver

-Destination

-The same signifier can have different signifieds and different signifiers can have the same signifieds

-Symbol is used in a special sense to mean literally any sign where there is an arbitrary relationship between the signifier and signified

-In some cases there are deeper meanings to the message

-Messages are always carried through a medium. The medium may be:

-Presentational

-Representational

-Mechanical

-Non-literal forms of meaning (ex. Sarcasm) enable us to make the familiar seem unfamiliar and the unfamiliar seem familiar.

-The likening of one thing to another is called a simile

-Objects, images, and text can all be used to create metaphors

-Metaphors are often at their most interesting when they link something familiar to something unfamiliar

-Metonyms - when one thing is substituted for another in a piece of communication

-they use indexical relationships to create meanings

-synecdoche – using a part of something to stand for the whole thing, or the whole thing to stand for part.

-Part/Whole is one example there are also:

- between member and class

- species and genus

- an individual and a group

Book Cover Options

1) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao

2) Junot Diaz – the author of the short story collection Drown, and his fiction appeared in the New Yorker, the Paris Review, and The Best American Short Stories. He was born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and raised in New Jersey, he now lives in New York City and is a professor at MIT.

3) Drown, How To Date A Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie (Short Story)

4) The novel is about the life of Oscar. A Dominican kid who has trouble with love.

Throughout his whole life (which it isn’t that long of a life if you can tell by the title). He deals with depression and thoughts of suicide. The thoughts and attempts of suicide aren’t what kill him. Love does. His love for a women name Ybon. She has a boyfriend becomes jealous and this gets Oscar killed.

5) Love, identity, sad, embarrassment, jealousy, depression, realization, poverty, pain, maturity, life, reemergence

6) The main theme or message of the book is love and the problem there is of finding it. Also cultural identity, politics, and poverty are all important themes.

7) Oscar is a kid that goes from being a “ladies man” to a fat virgin. He undergoes many changes in his life and deals with depression.

8) Spoiler Alert: Kills Oscar.

9) “It’s never the changes we want that change everything.”

10) I heard that this was a great book so I decided to use it for this assignment.